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Documentary is a broad term to describe a non-fiction film that in some way "documents" or captures reality. Documentary Film is a motion picture that manipulates and explains information for the entertainment or educational sectors.
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Germany, known for its rich cultural history and contributions to the arts, has experienced a cinematic renaissance in recent years. The German film industry, once overshadowed by Hollywood, has emerged as a powerful force, producing critically acclaimed films that captivate audiences worldwide. One of the key factors driving the resurgence of German cinema is the investment in talent and infrastructure. German filmmakers have been garnering international acclaim for their unique storytelling and bold artistic choices. Directors like Fatih Akin, whose film "Head-On" won the Golden Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival, have been instrumental in putting German cinema back on the global map.
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A one-shot movie is a film composed of a single continuous shot, with no cuts or edits. This unique and challenging approach to filmmaking has gained considerable attention in recent years, pushing the boundaries of what we thought was possible in the world of cinema.
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During 20th century the Swedish film industry was the most prominent of Scandinavia. This is largely due to the popularity and prominence of directors like Victor Sjöström and especially Ingmar Bergman; and more recently Roy Andersson, Lasse Hallström, Lukas Moodysson and Ruben Östlund.
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Cinematography is the art and craft of making motion pictures by capturing a story visually. Though, technically, Cinematography is the art and the science of recording light either electronically onto an image sensor or chemically onto film.
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An Actor embodies a character in a film, TV show, or other type of content. With research of that character, memorization of dialogue, and collaboration with the Director of the project, an Actor brings from script to screen a dynamic and dimensional character.
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Mumbai is home to the Hindi-language film industry, which is known for its long films with dramatic storylines and extravagant musical numbers. Hindi films are more widely viewed, and because of this, it is simpler for the public to comprehend the lessons being taught.
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A nature documentary or wildlife documentary is a genre of documentary film or series about animals, plants, or other non-human living creatures, usually concentrating on video taken in their natural habitat but also often including footage of trained and captive animals.
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A silent film is one that lacks synced recorded sound (or, more broadly, no audible speech). Though silent films transmit story and emotion visually, inter-title cards may be used to indicate plot details (such as locale or era) or significant lines of conversation when appropriate.
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A travel documentary is a documentary film, television program, or online series that describes travel in general or tourist attractions without recommending particular package deals or tour operators. A travelogue film is an early type of travel documentary, serving as an exploratory ethnographic film.
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Australia has built up an enviable screen production industry, initially on the basis of domestic productions, and from the 1980s as a pioneer in attracting production work from overseas to take advantage of Australia' talented cast and crews and world-class infrastructure.
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Dutch cinema refers to the film industry based in the Netherlands. The Netherlands has a rich cultural heritage, and the Film Industry of Netherlands reflects the diversity and creativity of this nation. The Dutch Film Industry has evolved over the years, blending traditional elements with innovative approaches to storytelling and filmmaking.
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The Swedish film industry continues to evolve and adapt to the changing landscape of global cinema. There is a growing emphasis on diversity and inclusion in Swedish filmmaking business, with efforts to represent a broader range of voices and perspectives on screen. The rise of digital platforms and streaming services has opened new avenues for international filmmakers to reach wider audiences.
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The Film Business in Poland has undergone a remarkable evolution, from its early beginnings to the vibrant industry it is today. The country's filmmakers, past and present, have not only shaped the narrative of Polish cinema but have also contributed significantly to the global cinematic landscape.
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Denmark has a vibrant and dynamic film industry that has made significant contributions to both National and International Cinema.
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A film, sometimes referred to as a "movie" or "motion picture," is a collection of moving pictures that tell a story and are typically displayed on a screen with sound.
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Film editing is both a creative and a technical part of the post-production process of filmmaking. The term is derived from the traditional process of working with film which increasingly involves the use of digital technology. When putting together some sort of video composition, typically, you would need a collection of shots and footages that vary from one another. The act of adjusting the shots you have already taken, and turning them into something new is known as film editing.
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A film critic is someone who analyzes and evaluates films, providing reviews and commentary on various aspects of a movie, such as its artistic and technical elements, performances, direction, writing, Cinematography, and overall impact. Film critics express their opinions on whether a film is worth watching and often offer insights into its strengths and weaknesses.
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A film director is an individual in the entertainment industry who oversees the creative aspects of a production. Before a movie goes into production, directors analyze the script carefully to understand the story, including the narrative structure, characters, setting and themes. During filming, these directors fulfill a leadership role on set, often instructing actors and crew members like costume and set designers. They often have the final approval on most creative elements, although oftentimes producers approve the directors' decisions.
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Art Films are made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit, often of an experimental nature or having an unconventional or highly symbolic content, aimed typically at a limited audience.
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Film stock is an analog medium that is used for recording motion pictures or animation. It is recorded on by a movie camera, developed, edited, and projected onto a screen using a movie projector.
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A film magazine is a publication focused on movies and the film industry. It typically includes articles, reviews, interviews, features, and news related to films, actors, directors, and various aspects of filmmaking.
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The process of creating video content for video is known as video production. It is similar to shooting movies, except instead of using film stock, the video is captured either digitally on video tape, analogically on videotape, or as computer data saved on hard drives, memory cards, optical discs, or magnetic tape. Pre-production, production (sometimes referred to as principal photography), and post-production are the three phases of video production. All of the planning that goes into making a video before it starts is called pre-production. This include composing scripts, planning, organizing, and performing other administrative tasks. The production stage of a video comprises recording the subject or subjects of the video and capturing the electrical moving images that make up the video content.
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videography refers to the electronic capture of moving images on electronic media, such as digital cameras, videotapes, and streaming media. This includes specific methods of video editing and post-production as well. From a layman’s standpoint, it describes a certain style of hands-on video project, typically smaller in scope.
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Deep focus is a photographic and cinematographic technique using a large depth of field. Depth of field is the front-to-back range of focus in an image, or how much of it appears sharp and clear. In deep focus, the foreground, middle ground, and background are all in focus.
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Recording a movie, TV show, music video, or other live-action work is the responsibility of the cinematographer, sometimes known as the director of photography (DP or DOP). The head of the camera and lighting crews working on these kinds of productions is the cinematographer.
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Cinematography is the technique and art of taking pictures for motion pictures. Techniques including scene arrangement in general, lighting on the set or location, selection of cameras, lenses, filters, and film stock, camera angle and movements, and incorporation of special effects are all part of it. A large team working on a feature film may be involved in all of these issues. This crew is led by a person known by different titles as the director of photography, cinematographer, lighting cameraman, or first cameraman, and their job is to produce the effects and photographic images that the director wants.
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Depth of focus is a lens optics concept that measures the tolerance of placement of the image plane (the film plane in a camera) in relation to the lens. In a camera, depth of focus indicates the tolerance of the film's displacement within the camera and is therefore sometimes referred to as "lens-to-film tolerance".
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Cine lenses, often known as cinema lenses, are made expressly to satisfy the unique requirements of the film industry. They are ideal for film production since they record in continuous motion and have excellent video quality. A real cinema lens is built, designed, and featured much better than a still photo lens. As a result, any lens with the full range of capabilities seen in cinema lenses will undoubtedly be extremely expensive, typically costing between four and six figures.
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A dichroic filter is thin optical filter crafted to transmit light in only one narrowly defined wavelength band, while reflecting all other wavelengths. These optical filters are also known as thin-film or interference filters. Dichroic filters are typically placed at a 45 degree angle to a light source. With this placement, blocked light is reflected at a 90 degree while specified wavelengths of light pass through the filter. If a light source is emitting white light, the light filtered through a filter of this type will seem to be highly saturated in color. A red filter, for instance, will transmit red wavelengths and reflect cyan. A green filter will transmit green and reflect magenta.
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Digital Cinematography is the process of capturing (recording) a motion picture using digital image sensors rather than through film stock. As digital technology has improved in recent years, this practice has become dominant. Since the mid-2010s, most movies across the world are captured as well as distributed digitally.
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A film director is a person who controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay (or script) while guiding the film crew and actors in the fulfilment of that vision. The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design and all the creative aspects of filmmaking.
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An optical system's (like a camera lens') capacity to gather light is expressed as an f-number. It is computed by dividing the entrance pupil's diameter by the focal length of the system. The f-number, sometimes referred to as the focal ratio, f-ratio, or f-stop, is a crucial factor in establishing a photograph's exposure, diffraction, and depth of field.
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Field of View is the vision visible via a camera lens and the final scene captured in a picture. A large field of vision (FOV) can be obtained with a wide angle lens (short focal length).
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The job of a fill light is to bring out features in a subject that the main light misses. In the classic three-point lighting arrangement, it serves as the secondary light. To essentially fill in the shadows cast by the key light, the fill light is usually positioned in opposition to it. The lighting design and ambiance of a shot are influenced by the fill-in's power. The way a cinematographer use fill affects a scene's brightness, contrast, and shadows.
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A film, often known as a motion picture, picture, movie, or moving picture, is a piece of visual art that uses moving images to convey ideas, tales, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or ambiance in addition to simulating experiences.
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A collection of individuals employed by a production firm to work on a film or motion picture is known as a film crew. The performers that appear in front of the camera or lend their voices to characters in the movie are referred to as the cast, whereas the crew is different. Because the producers hold a piece of the film studio or the intellectual property rights to the picture, the crew is also distinct from the producers.
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Diffraction is the spreading out of waves as they pass through an aperture or around objects. It occurs when the size of the aperture or obstacle is of the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of the incident wave. For very small aperture sizes, the vast majority of the wave is blocked.
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A gobo is an object placed inside or in front of a light source to control the shape of the emitted light and its shadow. For studio photography purposes, the term "gobo" has come to refer to any device that casts a shadow, and various pieces of equipment that go in front of a light (such as a gobo arm or gobo head). In theatrical lighting, however, the term more specifically refers to a device placed in "the gate" or at the "point of focus" between the light source, called a lamp, and the lenses.
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A film gate is a physical aperture in a camera that is placed on film to cover up the picture that the lens projects; the size of the aperture determines the dimensions of the image that is recorded on the film. Additionally, it typically has ground or formed precision focusing rails that precisely align the film with the optical axis.
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Hard light is a quality of light that casts harsh and well defined shadows. A subject or scene lit with this type of light has a very abrupt transition between the highlights and the shadows. Hard light typically comes from a relatively small source relative to the subject. Light sources that are further away also produce harder light and sharper shadows.
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A scene is a dramatic section of a story that takes place between particular characters at a particular time and place. Although there are considerable differences between the two, the phrase is used in both theater and film. A film's scenes are its fundamental building pieces. The goal and structure of every scene, whether in an independent film or a great blockbuster, are essential to giving the audience an engaging and fulfilling cinematic experience.
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Film speed is a measurement of a photographic film's light sensitivity. It is based on sensitometry and is expressed on a number of scales, the most modern of which being the ISO standard, which was first used in 1974. In digital cameras, the relationship between exposure and output image luminance is described by a closely similar system called ISO.
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An analog medium called film stock is used to record animation or movies. A movie projector is used to present the footage onto a screen once it has been produced, edited, and captured by a movie camera. It's a transparent plastic film base strip or sheet that has a gelatin emulsion covering one side that contains minuscule, light-sensitive silver halide crystals. The sensitivity, contrast, and resolution of the film are determined by the sizes and other properties of the crystals.
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Within the academic field of cinema studies, film theory is a collection of scholarly approaches that started in the 1920s by challenging the formal elements of motion pictures. Today, it offers conceptual frameworks for comprehending the relationship between film, reality, other arts, individual viewers, and society as a whole. Though these three fields are related, cinema theory should not be mistaken with general film criticism or film history.
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A filmography is a list of movies that are connected by certain standards. A list of the movies in which an actor has acted, for instance, is called their professional filmography. A director's comedy filmography is the collection of comedic movies that they have helmed. The name is based on and similar to "bibliography," which is a catalog of books, and has been in use since at least 1957. Filmographies are not the same as lists of films; the terms "videography" and "Cinematography" refer to the techniques involved, and are more like photographs.
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A film treatment is a piece of writing that usually comes before the first draft of a screenplay for a movie, TV show, or radio play. It is frequently written in between scene cards. Compared to an outline or one-page description, it is typically lengthier and more extensive, and it could contain information about the directorial style that an outline leaves out.
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A filter is a camera accessory used in photography and Cinematography that consists of an optical filter that can be placed within the optical path. Typically, the filter is a glass or plastic disk in a metal or plastic ring frame that may be screwed into the front of the camera lens or clipped onto it. Alternatively, the filter can be oblong or square in shape and installed in a holder accessory.
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In Cinematography, a jib is any boom device used to mount a camera on one end, and a counterweight with camera controls on the other. In principle, it operates like a see-saw, with the balance point located closer to the counterweight, which allows the end of the arm with the camera to move through an extended arc. Typically a jib permits the camera to be moved vertically, horizontally, or a combination of the two. A small jib can be mounted on a tripod, but many larger, purpose-built jibs have their own support stands, often on wheels. Modern jibs are normally modular and can be assembled in various lengths.
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A jump cut is a cut in film editing that breaks a single continuous sequential shot of a subject into two parts, with a piece of footage removed to create the effect of jumping forward in time. Camera positioning on the subject across the sequence should vary only slightly to achieve the effect. The technique manipulates temporal space using the duration of a single shot—fracturing the duration to move the audience ahead. This kind of cut abruptly communicates the passing of time, as opposed to the more seamless dissolve heavily used in films predating Jean-Luc Godard's Breathless, which extensively used jump cuts and popularized the technique in the 1960s.
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Persistence of vision is the optical phenomenon where the illusion of motion is created because the brain interprets multiple still images as one. When multiple images appear in fast enough succession, the brain blends them into a single, persistent, moving image. The human eye and brain can only process about 12 separate images per second, retaining an image for 1/16 of a second. If a subsequent image is replaced during this time frame, an illusion of continuity is created.
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A whip pan is a kind of pan shot where the image blurs into hazy streaks due to the camera moving too quickly. It can signify the passage of time or a fast-paced action sequence and is frequently used as a transition between shots. The whip pan, also called the flash pan, provides a very practical and eye-catching incentive to switch between shots, much like the natural wipe does.
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Film set is artificially constructed scenery used in film and TV. In the latter two cases there are many reasons to build or use a set instead of travelling to a real location, such as budget, time, the need to control the environment, or the fact that the place does not exist. Sets are normally constructed on a film studio backlot or sound stage, but any place that has been modified to give the feel of another place is a set.
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In time-lapse photography, the frame rate—or the frequency at which film frames are recorded is substantially lower than the frequency at which the sequence is seen. Played at standard speed, time seems to be slipping away faster.
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The Cinema Club at La Salle Campus Barcelona is a student-run organization that screens films of various genres, lengths, and languages. They host screenings on campus and organize trips to see new releases and classics. After viewings, they hold discussions and reviews to delve deeper into the films. It's a great way for students and staff to explore cinema and connect over their shared passion for movies.
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