Film Editing
Film editing is the art and craft of cutting and assembling finished film. This work is done by a film editor who helps complete the director's vision of the movie.
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filmmaking-terminology
Film on Religion
Even though the academic study of "film and religion" as a subfield within religious studies has only grown since the late 1980s, the link between film and religion is as old as cinema itself.
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LGBT Film
LGBT film deals with lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender characters or issues and may have same-sex romance or relationships as an important plot device.
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Genre Film
Movie genres are stylistic categories that organize films based on criteria such as the setting, characters, plot, mood, tone, and theme. A film's main genre category will be based on where the majority of the content lands. A sub-genre is a smaller category that fits inside a particular genre. Often this is a mixture of two separate genres, which known as hybrid genres. Genres and subgenres change over time and are informed by one another.
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Film on Nature
A nature documentary or wildlife documentary is a genre of documentary film or series about animals, plants, or other non-human living creatures, usually concentrating on video taken in their natural habitat but also often including footage of trained and captive animals.
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One Minute Film
A one-minute film is a short film lasting precisely 60 seconds. Although it is part of the microcinema constellation, it is distinguished by its exact timing.
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The Cinematic Marvel of One-Shot Movies
A one-shot film (also known as a single-take film or a continuous shot feature film) is a full-length film shot in one long take using a single camera, or created to give the idea that it was shot in one long take.
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Postmodern Film
Postmodernist film is a categorization for works that use cinema to express postmodernist themes and concepts. Some of the aims of postmodernist film are to challenge the audience's suspension of disbelief and to disrupt common assumptions of narrative structure and characterisation.
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Screenplay
A screenplay is a written format of audio-visual scenes of a film in which the characters' motions, actions, attitudes, and speech are recounted in a certain fashion.
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Music Video
A music video is a short film produced by a pop or rock group that is aired online or on television along with a song. Music videos could be considered the prototypical postmodern art form, just like the ads they fundamentally are: hybrid, parasitic, appropriative, frequently compromised by commerce or undercut by aesthetic pretension, ideally compact and assimilable.
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Student Film
Student films are those in which the producer is a student at an accredited educational institution, either as an undergraduate or graduate student, and is enrolled in a filmmaking or television class at that accredited educational institution. The primary purpose of these films is to offer the producer with a learning experience that meets the educational criteria of the project. The film must belong to the producer or the appropriate educational institution and can only be seen for non-profit reasons.
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Visual Effects (VFX) in Filmmaking
Visual effects (VFX) in Filmmaking refers to imagery that is produced, altered, or improved for any motion picture or other media that isn't shot in real time. In order to create environments that seem realistic for the context, visual effects frequently integrate real footage with this manipulated imagery. These artificial environments are either unreal worlds or ones that are too dangerous to shoot in. To achieve this, they use specialized VFX software and computer-generated imagery (CGI).
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Australian Film Industry
Australia has built up an enviable screen production industry, initially on the basis of domestic productions, and from the 1980s as a pioneer in attracting production work from overseas to take advantage of Australia' talented cast and crews and world-class infrastructure.
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A-Roll Shot
An A-roll shot refers to primary footage or the main shots in a video production, especially in filmmaking or documentary creation. These shots typically feature the main subject, such as the principal actors or interviewees, and are often the primary focus of the final edit. A-roll shots are usually carefully planned, well-lit, and composed to capture essential actions, dialogue, or significant moments necessary to tell the story or convey the intended message of the video.
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180 degree rule
A rule stating that a camera should be placed somewhere inside 180 degrees on a particular side of the invisible line of a shot containing two people filmed in sequence. If the camera crosses the line, confusion results for the film viewers, because it makes it look like the people are switching places as one watches the film.
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Film Production
Film production is the first of three stages a movie will typically go through. Before a film is distributed or exhibited, it needs to be created through this multi-stage process involving scriptwriting, planning, shooting, and other elements of filmmaking before finally making it to editing.
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Film Editor
Film editing is both a creative and a technical part of the post-production process of filmmaking. The term is derived from the traditional process of working with film which increasingly involves the use of digital technology. When putting together some sort of video composition, typically, you would need a collection of shots and footages that vary from one another. The act of adjusting the shots you have already taken, and turning them into something new is known as film editing.
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Film stock
Film stock is an analog medium that is used for recording motion pictures or animation. It is recorded on by a movie camera, developed, edited, and projected onto a screen using a movie projector.
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Film Magazine
A film magazine is a publication focused on movies and the film industry. It typically includes articles, reviews, interviews, features, and news related to films, actors, directors, and various aspects of filmmaking.
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A-roll Shot
An A-roll shot refers to primary footage or the main shots in a video production, especially in filmmaking or documentary creation. These shots typically feature the main subject, such as the principal actors or interviewees, and are often the primary focus of the final edit. A-roll shots are usually carefully planned, well-lit, and composed to capture essential actions, dialogue, or significant moments necessary to tell the story or convey the intended message of the video.
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Abby Shot
An Abby Singer shot, named after production manager Abby Singer, refers to the second-to-last shot of the day on a film or TV set. This term originated as a way of informing the crew that they're about to move on to the final shot for the day. It's a signal that the end of the day's shooting is imminent, prompting the crew to prepare for the last shot, known as the "Martini Shot." The Abby Singer shot helps the crew organize their workflow and equipment for the final scene, allowing for a smoother transition as the day's filming wraps up.
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Screenplay
screenplay, written text that provides the basis for a film production. Screenplays usually include not only the dialogue spoken by the characters but also a shot-by-shot outline of the film's action.
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Screenwriting
Screenwriting or scriptwriting is the art and craft of writing scripts for mass media such as feature films, television productions or video games. It is often a freelance profession.
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Script supervisor
A script supervisor provides support for film directors and helps them maintain continuity between different shots and parts of a movie. Most films contain many individual camera shots and scenes. Continuity supervisors monitor every detail in each shot to ensure they match those in the following scene in the film.
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Single camera set up
The single-camera configuration, also known as the portable single crew or portable single camera, is a form of cinema and video production. The single-camera configuration was created in the 1910s with the development of conventional Hollywood film and has remained the standard style of production for cinema. Both single-camera and multiple-camera systems are routinely utilized in television production.
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Slow cutting
Slow cutting is a film editing method that employs long-duration shots. Though it depends on the context, it is predicted that any shot longer than roughly fifteen seconds would appear sluggish to many modern-day viewers, particularly those accustomed to popular Western films, where slow cuts are unusual. A Clockwork Orange (1971) by Stanley Kubrick is a well-known example of slow cutting. The main character (Alex de Large) is followed as he crosses the length of a future record store, meets two young females, and brings them back to his house for sex in a three-minute and fifteen-second section with only three shots.
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Smash cut
A smash cut is a film and other moving image media technique in which one scene rapidly cuts to another for aesthetic, narrative, or emotional reasons. To that aim, the smash cut is typically used at a vital point in a scene where a cut would be unexpected. A difference in the sort of scene on either side of the cut is typically included to heighten the effect of the cut, such as going from a fast-paced frenetic scene to a serene one, or from a happy scene to a stressful one. In a murder scenario, for example, a smash cut might be used: the perpetrator takes a knife crashing down into his victim, and just before the blade pierces the flesh, the scene is abruptly replaced with a nonviolent application of a cutting edge, such as vegetable chopping. When a character awakens from a nightmare, smash cuts are sometimes utilized to portray the jarring nature of the experience.
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Slow motion
Slow Motion is the method or technique of photographing or taping a motion picture or television sequence at a high rate of speed and then projecting or replaying it at a regular rate of speed to give the action the appearance of being slowed down.
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Accelerated Montage
Accelerated Montage is the process of reducing the length of the video and speeding it up to convey a sense of rhythm and excitement.
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Above the Line
The term "above-the-line" describes the group of people who direct and impact a particular narrative's creative direction, process, and voice in a motion picture as well as associated costs. The screenwriter, producer, director, and main cast are some examples of these roles, but they are not the only ones.
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Accent Light
Accent lighting, also called highlighting, emphasizes objects by focusing light directly on them. Accent lighting is used inside and outside the home to feature locations such as an entrance or to create dramatic effects. Points of visual interest can be created by highlighting artwork, fireplaces, plants, textured walls, or architectural details. However, overuse can create a space that appears to be disorganized or cluttered.
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Above The Line
The term "above-the-line" describes the group of people who direct and impact a particular narrative's creative direction, process, and voice in a motion picture as well as associated costs. The screenwriter, producer, director, and main cast are some examples of these roles, but they are not the only ones.
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Acousmatic
Acousmatic sound is sound one hears without seeing their originating cause - a invisible sound source. Offscreen sound in film is acousmatic, relative to what is shown in the shot. In a film an acousmatic situation can develop along two different scenarios: either a sound is visualised first, and subsequently acousmatized, or it is a acousmatic to start with, and is visualized only afterward.
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Film Adaptation
A film adaptation is a cinematic work adapted from a piece of non-film source material, which can either be a work of fiction or nonfiction. Common fiction source materials include a book, play, novella, television series, video game, or short story, while filmmakers can source nonfiction materials from a memoir, biography, or piece of journalism.
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Above The Line
The term "above-the-line" describes the group of people who direct and impact a particular narrative's creative direction, process, and voice in a motion picture as well as associated costs. The screenwriter, producer, director, and main cast are some examples of these roles, but they are not the only ones.
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Above The Line
The term "above-the-line" describes the group of people who direct and impact a particular narrative's creative direction, process, and voice in a motion picture as well as associated costs. The screenwriter, producer, director, and main cast are some examples of these roles, but they are not the only ones.
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Ballon Light
Balloon lights (also known as lighting balloons) are a form of luminaire that is primarily used for illumination in the film industry, night highway construction, incident management, and public security applications such as police checkpoints. These luminaires are usually made up of one or more high-intensity lights encased in a translucent fabric balloon. The balloon serves as a diffuser, softening and dispersing the light.
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Scriptment
A scriptment is a piece of writing that combines elements of a screenplay and treatment, typically from a television or film scriptwriter. The dialogue is formatted exactly like in a screenplay. Compared to a typical draft treatment, it is a more complex document. Some movies have only been scripted and shot.
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Stand In
A stand-in in cinema and television is someone who fills in for the actor prior to production for technical reasons such as lighting and camera setup. Stand-ins are useful in the early stages of film and television production. While the actors are not there, stand-ins allow the director of photography to light the set and the camera department to light and focus sequences. The director will frequently ask stand-ins to speak the scene dialogue ("lines") and walk through the sequences to be filmed ("blocking").
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B Film
B film, also known as a B-movie, is a low-budget, typically independent film that is produced quickly and with limited financial resources. These movies often have simpler plots and can range across various genres like horror, science fiction, exploitation, or action. Despite their lower budgets, B films can sometimes achieve cult status due to their charm, unique storytelling, or unintentional quirks, gaining a dedicated fan base. They historically served as the supporting feature in a double feature alongside higher-budget, more mainstream A films.
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B-Roll Shot
In video production, B-roll footage is the secondary video footage shot outside of the primary (or A-roll) footage. It is often spliced together with the main footage to bolster the story, create dramatic tension, or further illustrate a point.
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Backlighting
The main subject of the picture is given an additional emphasis through the use of backlighting. This light, sometimes referred to as a "hair light," is usually behind the figure and to one side. It creates a rim that highlights the edges of the actor or subject being filmed by illuminating them from behind.
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Storyboard
To pre-visualize a motion picture, animation, motion graphic, or interactive media sequence, a storyboard is a graphic organizer made up of illustrations or images presented in a specific order. After several years of comparable procedures being used at Walt Disney and other animation studios, Walt Disney Productions established the storyboarding technique in its current form during the early 1930s.
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Backlot
A backlot is the area behind or next to a film studio that is used for temporary set construction or permanent external buildings for outdoor scenes in motion pictures and television shows.
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Video production
The process of creating video content for video is known as video production. It is similar to shooting movies, except instead of using film stock, the video is captured either digitally on video tape, analogically on videotape, or as computer data saved on hard drives, memory cards, optical discs, or magnetic tape. Pre-production, production (sometimes referred to as principal photography), and post-production are the three phases of video production. All of the planning that goes into making a video before it starts is called pre-production. This include composing scripts, planning, organizing, and performing other administrative tasks. The production stage of a video comprises recording the subject or subjects of the video and capturing the electrical moving images that make up the video content.
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Barn Doors
Barn Door a hinged opaque panel mounted usually in a pair on a motion-picture or TV studio lamp and used to screen light from an area or from the camera
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Videography
videography refers to the electronic capture of moving images on electronic media, such as digital cameras, videotapes, and streaming media. This includes specific methods of video editing and post-production as well. From a layman’s standpoint, it describes a certain style of hands-on video project, typically smaller in scope.
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Balloon Light
Balloon lights, are a specialized kind of luminaire that are mostly used for incident management, nighttime highway construction, the motion picture industry, and public security applications like police checkpoints.
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Background Lighting
In photography or theater, background lighting is a controlled lighting method where a light is positioned behind or at an angle to an item, person, or scene to create effects like depth or subject-background separation.
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Visual Effects
VFX stands for visual effects, which can be shortened to visual FX. The use of visual effects in movies and TV has increased exponentially over the past few decades. What used to be reserved for spectacular science fiction movies and big-budget action movies can now be found in your everyday Rom-com.
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Voice Artist
An voice artist An artist is a person who performs vocally on stage, screen, radio, or in other media. Although they are frequently referred to as off-camera or off-stage commentary or narration, they are occasionally heard in a scripted radio drama as a conversation between characters.
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Callier Effect
The difference in contrast between images created by a photographic film with various illumination techniques is known as the Callier effect. It is not to be confused with the sharpness variation, which is likewise caused by variations in partial coherence.
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Visual effects supervisor
VFX supervisor oversee the entire VFX project. They oversee the entire VFX pipeline, which includes all of the VFX artists involved. They are ultimately in charge of all the visual effects (VFX) components created for a project by their studio or company.
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Cameo Appearance
The difference in contrast between images created by a photographic film with various illumination techniques is known as the Callier effect. It is not to be confused with the sharpness variation, which is likewise caused by variations in partial coherence.
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Wide release
A "wide release" typically refers to the distribution strategy for a film, music album, or other forms of media. In the context of movies, for example, a wide release means that the film is made available to a large number of theaters across different regions or countries simultaneously. This is in contrast to a limited release, where a film may initially only be shown in a few theaters in select cities before gradually expanding to more locations. The goal of a wide release is to maximize the potential audience and box office revenue by making the content widely accessible to viewers. This distribution strategy is often employed for major blockbuster films or highly anticipated releases. In the music industry, a wide release may involve making an album available for sale or streaming on various platforms globally on the same release date. The term can also be used in other contexts, such as video games or books, to describe a broad and simultaneous availability to the target audience.
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Cameo Lighting
Any lighting in a movie that has the ability to highlight characters and possibly a few props is referred to as cameo lighting. Barn doors and spotlights are frequently used for this. The art style in which a light relief figure is placed against a darker background is where cameo lighting gets its name. It aids in keeping the subject's surroundings in mind. The starkness of cameo lighting can be lessened by using it with a fill light.
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Wrap
"Film shooting wrap" refers to the completion of the principal photography phase of a film. It signifies the end of the filming process, and it's the point at which the cast and crew have finished shooting all the scenes planned for the movie. The term "wrap" is short for "wrap-up," indicating the conclusion of a particular phase or activity. During the film shooting wrap, there is often a sense of accomplishment and celebration among the cast and crew. It marks the culmination of their efforts in capturing the scenes required for the film. After the wrap, the production moves on to the post-production phase, where the footage is edited, special effects are added, sound is recorded, and other elements are refined to create the final version of the film.
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Zoom
A zoom shot is when the focal length of a camera lens is adjusted to give the illusion of moving closer or further away from the subject. Zoom shots are done with a zoom lens, which have variable focal lengths. The most typical camera zoom types are the "zoom in" and "zoom out." But this technique can also be combined with a dolly shot to create a "dolly zoom."
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Dailies
Dailies in film are the raw, unedited footage shot during that day. Sometimes in animation, they can also be called “rushes” or “sweat box sessions.” Dailies may seem boring or excessively long, and it’s because there are no cuts, and you are watching one, long drawn out performance. Often times, the editor strings together multiple performances of the same scene to get it just right.
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Daily Call sheet
A call sheet is a daily filming schedule created by the assistant director on a show or movie. Based on the director's shot list, a call sheet contains important details, like the location, the cast call times (what time to arrive for work), and the shooting schedule.
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Daily Production Report
A Daily Production Report (DPR) in the context of filmmaking is a document that provides a summary of the activities and progress on a film set during a specific day of production. It serves as a crucial tool for the production team, producers, and other stakeholders to track the daily workflow, monitor the budget, and ensure that the project is staying on schedule.
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Daily Progress Reports
In the context of filmmaking, a Daily Progress Report (DPR) is a document that provides a summary of the activities and accomplishments on a film set during a particular day of production. It is typically created by the assistant director (AD) or production coordinator and serves as a communication tool to keep key stakeholders informed about the status of the shoot.
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Day For Night
"Day for Night" is a filmmaking technique in which scenes are shot outdoors during daylight hours but are intended to appear as if they are taking place at night. This technique allows filmmakers to create the illusion of nighttime without actually shooting in the dark. It is achieved through various methods, including the use of special camera filters, underexposure, and color correction in post-production. The term "Day for Night" originated from the French phrase "nuit américaine," which translates to "American night." The technique became popular in the 1950s and 1960s, particularly in French cinema. Filmmakers found it practical to shoot daytime scenes and manipulate them to look like nighttime, avoiding the challenges and costs associated with nighttime shooting.
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30 Degree Rule in Filmmaking
The 30-DEGREE RULE states that if an editor cuts to the same character or object in another shot, the second shot must be positioned at least 30 degrees away from the first camera setup. If the camera moves less than 30 degrees, the cut between shots can look like a JUMP CUT or a mistake.
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Film Score
A film score is original music composed and recorded especially for a film. Written by a single composer, though sometimes more, it is designed to fit the film and its story perfectly, adhering to a strict timecode. Film scores were traditionally performed by orchestras, and many still are, but today a film score might feature all manner of sounds and instruments.
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Hollywood Film Industry
Hollywood is the oldest film industry, in the sense of being the place where the earliest film studios and production companies emerged. It is the birthplace of various genres of cinema among them comedy, drama, action, the musical, romance, horror, science fiction, and the epic and has set the example for other national film industries.
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Day out of Days
"Day out of Days" in the context of filmmaking refers to a schedule or document that provides a summary of the shooting schedule for each cast member over the course of the entire production. It's a tool used by film productions to track and plan the availability of actors throughout the filming process. The Day out of Days document typically includes information such as the dates when each actor is required on set, their call times, and the scenes or sequences that will be shot on those days. This helps the production team manage the logistics of the shoot, ensuring that they have the necessary cast members available when needed and that they can efficiently plan the shooting schedule.
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Camera Angle
The precise area where the video or movie camera is positioned to capture a shot is indicated by the camera angle. It is possible to simultaneously shoot a scene from many camera perspectives.This will provide a distinct experience and occasionally an emotional one. The viewer's perception of the scene being shot will vary depending on the various camera angles. A camera operator could take a number different approaches to get this result.
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Crane Shot
A camera fixed on top of a moving crane or jib captures a crane shot. "Cranes" and "jib" are nouns that are interchangeable. A jib's primary purpose is to stretch your camera out over a tripod so you may move it left, right, up, or in any combination of those directions. No matter how you move them, some jibs can maintain the camera parallel to the ground and level.
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Camera Coverage
A camera fixed on top of a moving crane or jib captures a crane shot. "Cranes" and "jib" are nouns that are interchangeable. A jib's primary purpose is to stretch your camera out over a tripod so you may move it left, right, up, or in any combination of those directions. No matter how you move them, some jibs can maintain the camera parallel to the ground and level.
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Deep Focus
Deep focus is a photographic and cinematographic technique using a large depth of field. Depth of field is the front-to-back range of focus in an image, or how much of it appears sharp and clear. In deep focus, the foreground, middle ground, and background are all in focus.
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Cameo
A cameo is a brief theatrical part that is typically played by a well-known actor and is typically restricted to a single scene.
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Delayed Release
"Delayed release" in the context of film typically refers to a situation where a movie's release date is postponed or pushed back from its originally scheduled date. This can happen for various reasons, and the decision to delay a film's release is often influenced by factors that can impact its potential success at the box office or its overall reception.
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Depth of Field
Depth of field is the area of acceptable sharpness in front of and behind the subject which the lens is focused. Put simply, it refers to how blurry or sharp the area is around your subject. A shallow depth of field refers to a small area in focus. Often the subject is in focus, while the background is blurred.
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Cinematographer
Recording a movie, TV show, music video, or other live-action work is the responsibility of the cinematographer, sometimes known as the director of photography (DP or DOP). The head of the camera and lighting crews working on these kinds of productions is the cinematographer.
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Cinematography
Cinematography is the technique and art of taking pictures for motion pictures. Techniques including scene arrangement in general, lighting on the set or location, selection of cameras, lenses, filters, and film stock, camera angle and movements, and incorporation of special effects are all part of it. A large team working on a feature film may be involved in all of these issues. This crew is led by a person known by different titles as the director of photography, cinematographer, lighting cameraman, or first cameraman, and their job is to produce the effects and photographic images that the director wants.
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Depth of Focus
Depth of focus is a lens optics concept that measures the tolerance of placement of the image plane (the film plane in a camera) in relation to the lens. In a camera, depth of focus indicates the tolerance of the film's displacement within the camera and is therefore sometimes referred to as "lens-to-film tolerance".
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Dialogue Editor
The dialogue editor is a type of sound editor who assembles, synchronizes, and edits all the dialogue in a film or television production. Usually, they will use the production tracks: the sound that was recorded on the set. If any of the production tracks are unusable they can be replaced by either alternate production tracks recorded on set or by ADR, automated dialogue replacement, which is recorded after the shoot with the actors watching their performances in a sound studio and rerecording the lines. Large productions may have an ADR editor working under the dialogue editor, but the positions are often combined. The ADR editor or dialogue editor also work with the walla group in films which they are required, providing the background chatter noise in scenes with large crowds, such as parties or restaurants.
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Cine Lens
Cine lenses, often known as cinema lenses, are made expressly to satisfy the unique requirements of the film industry. They are ideal for film production since they record in continuous motion and have excellent video quality. A real cinema lens is built, designed, and featured much better than a still photo lens. As a result, any lens with the full range of capabilities seen in cinema lenses will undoubtedly be extremely expensive, typically costing between four and six figures.
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Clapper Board
A clapperboard, also called a dumb slate, clapboard, film clapper, film slate, movie slate, or production slate, is a tool used in the process of creating movies and videos. It helps keep picture and sound in sync and is used to identify and label different takes and scenes as they are recorded. The clapper loader is in charge of it.
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Dichroic lens
A dichroic filter is thin optical filter crafted to transmit light in only one narrowly defined wavelength band, while reflecting all other wavelengths. These optical filters are also known as thin-film or interference filters. Dichroic filters are typically placed at a 45 degree angle to a light source. With this placement, blocked light is reflected at a 90 degree while specified wavelengths of light pass through the filter. If a light source is emitting white light, the light filtered through a filter of this type will seem to be highly saturated in color. A red filter, for instance, will transmit red wavelengths and reflect cyan. A green filter will transmit green and reflect magenta.
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Close Shot
A close-up shot is a motion picture shot in which the camera is positioned close to the subject or object, yet still far enough away to capture part of the background.
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Diegetic Sound
Diegetic sound is any sound that originates from the world of a film. A very simple way to think about diegetic sound is to think of it as that could make sound in the world of a film. If the characters can hear it, it's diegetic. The sound doesn't have to be featured on-screen. In fact, many diegetic sounds are not shown on-screen. Say there’s an emergency and an ambulance is called. The corresponding siren sound would be diegetic, even if it’s not shown on screen. This is because it’s a natural sound of the film world.
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Close-up Shot
In still photography, comic strip illustration, television production, and film, a close-up is a shot that closely frames a subject or object. The greatest detail can be seen in close-ups, but the whole scene is not shown. Zooming in and out of a close-up is a typical zooming technique. The subject's face is shown in depth to the viewer using a head-to-neck close-up.
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Digital Audio
Digital audio is a technology that uses digital signals for sound reproduction. It includes analog-to-digital conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, storage, and transmission. Digital audio has emerged because of its usefulness in the recording, manipulation, mass-production, and distribution of sound. Modern distribution of music across the Internet through on-line stores depends on digital recording and digital compression algorithms. Distribution of audio as data files rather than as physical objects has significantly reduced costs of distribution.
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F Number
An optical system's (like a camera lens') capacity to gather light is expressed as an f-number. It is computed by dividing the entrance pupil's diameter by the focal length of the system. The f-number, sometimes referred to as the focal ratio, f-ratio, or f-stop, is a crucial factor in establishing a photograph's exposure, diffraction, and depth of field.
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F-Stop
The ratio of the lens's focal length to the aperture's diameter is known as the F-stop. The amount is shown in fractional form. The dimensionless F-stop value provides a crucial indication of the lens speed.
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Fade-In
Fade-In is the gradual increase in a motion-picture or television image's visibility at the beginning of a sequence.
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Fade-Out
A motion picture or television image that gradually loses visibility at the conclusion of a sequence is called a "fade-out." a kind of movie transition that involves fading from the cut to black, commonly at the conclusion of a scene.
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Fast Cutting
A quick succession of consecutive shots are referred to as "fast cutting" in film editing. It can be used to suggest energy or chaos, or to rapidly convey a lot of information. When filming speech involving two or more characters, fast cutting is also commonly employed to shift the viewer's viewpoint and highlight the non-verbal cues of the speaking character or the response to another character's language.
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Fast Motion
When an action is filmed in a camera at a slower speed than usual and then projected at a standard speed, it appears to move quicker than usual on screen. This technique is known as fast motion in film.
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Field of View
Field of View is the vision visible via a camera lens and the final scene captured in a picture. A large field of vision (FOV) can be obtained with a wide angle lens (short focal length).
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Digital Image Processing
Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more) digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems.
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Diffraction
Diffraction is the spreading out of waves as they pass through an aperture or around objects. It occurs when the size of the aperture or obstacle is of the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of the incident wave. For very small aperture sizes, the vast majority of the wave is blocked.
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Film Gate
A film gate is a physical aperture in a camera that is placed on film to cover up the picture that the lens projects; the size of the aperture determines the dimensions of the image that is recorded on the film. Additionally, it typically has ground or formed precision focusing rails that precisely align the film with the optical axis.
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Film Inventory Report
The daily report generated by the clapper loader is known in the film industry as the "Film Inventory Report" or the "Daily Raw Stock Log." The report lists the number of good and no-good photos, the amount of wasted film stock, and the amount of raw film stock utilized that day.
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Film Modifications
The term "film modifications" often refers to additions or subtractions made to a movie either during or after production. a film that has undergone changes from how it was exhibited during its initial theatrical run.
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Film Recorder
A film recorder is a graphics output device that transfers digital source images to photographic film. A host computer sends an image to a mechanism in a conventional film recorder, which can expose film in a number of ways, most notably direct photography of a high-resolution cathode ray tube (CRT) display. After that, the exposed film can be developed according to standard developing methods and shown using a slide or motion picture projector. Film recorders were used before the widespread adoption of digital projectors, which display the picture signal from a computer directly, saving money and time by removing the need for the intermediary step of transferring computer images to film stock.
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Film Scanner
An apparatus designed to scan photographic film straight into a computer without the need for intermediary processing is called a film scanner. When scanning in a print of any size, it offers several advantages over using a flatbed scanner: the photographer can directly adjust the aspect ratio and cropping from the original, unaltered image on film, and many film scanners come equipped with specialized hardware or software that enhances color reproduction from film and removes scratches and grain.
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Film Speed
Film speed is a measurement of a photographic film's light sensitivity. It is based on sensitometry and is expressed on a number of scales, the most modern of which being the ISO standard, which was first used in 1974. In digital cameras, the relationship between exposure and output image luminance is described by a closely similar system called ISO.
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Film Stock
An analog medium called film stock is used to record animation or movies. A movie projector is used to present the footage onto a screen once it has been produced, edited, and captured by a movie camera. It's a transparent plastic film base strip or sheet that has a gelatin emulsion covering one side that contains minuscule, light-sensitive silver halide crystals. The sensitivity, contrast, and resolution of the film are determined by the sizes and other properties of the crystals. If the emulsion is exposed to light, it will eventually darken, but this process is too sluggish and unfinished to be useful.
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Movie Stock
An analog medium called film stock is used to record animation or movies. A movie projector is used to present the footage onto a screen once it has been produced, edited, and captured by a movie camera. It's a transparent plastic film base strip or sheet that has a gelatin emulsion covering one side that contains minuscule, light-sensitive silver halide crystals. The sensitivity, contrast, and resolution of the film are determined by the sizes and other properties of the crystals.
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Film Transition
A film transition is a method for combining scenes or shots during the post-production stage of video and film editing. This is usually accomplished with a standard cut to the following frame. The majority of movies will also make selective use of other transitions, usually to denote the passage of time, set a tone or mood, or divide the narrative into several sections. Dissolves, L cuts, fades, match cuts, and wipes are a few examples of these additional transitions.
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Film Treatment
A film treatment is a piece of writing that usually comes before the first draft of a screenplay for a movie, TV show, or radio play. It is frequently written in between scene cards. Compared to an outline or one-page description, it is typically lengthier and more extensive, and it could contain information about the directorial style that an outline leaves out.
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Fine Cut
Filmmakers start honing the rough cut during the fine cut by picking the best takes and adjusting the narrative's tempo, rhythm, and tone. At this point, the movie is beginning to take shape, and the directors will have a clearer idea of what the finished picture will look like.
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Sequence Shot
One technique for taking pictures of a scene from different angles is sequence shooting. The editor will have an abundance of shot sizes to tell the tale and hold the audience's interest thanks to sequence shots. At a minimum, you should get a wide, medium, and close view of the scene.
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Shot
A shot in the context of video and film production is a sequence of frames that are shown continuously. A film's angles, transitions, and cuts are employed in film shots, which are crucial components, to further convey movement, emotion, and ideas.
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Steadicam
Cinema Products Corporation first released the Steadicam brand of camera stabilizer mounts for motion picture cameras in 1975. Garrett Brown created the first design. Its purpose was to maintain the camera motion independent and under the direction of a trained operator by isolating it from the movements of the camera operator.
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Step Outline
A step outline, sometimes known as a beat sheet informally, is a thorough narration of a tale intended to be turned into a screenplay for a motion picture. Every scene in the screenplay is briefly described in the phase plan, which also frequently includes speech and character exchanges. Frequently, the scenes are numbered for ease of use. It can also be a very helpful tool for a writer who is developing a screenplay for spec.
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Stop Motion
In stop motion animation, objects are physically moved in tiny steps between consecutively taken pictures to give the impression that they are moving independently or changing when the sequence of images is replayed.
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Reverse Angle Shot
In cinematography, a reverse angle shot is one that is taken from an angle that is 180? (opposite) to the one that came before it. It serves to illustrate the character's response to the earlier picture.
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Substitution Splice
The substitution splice, also known as a stop trick, is a cinematic special effect wherein directors change one or more specific elements of the mise-en-scène between two shots while preserving the same framing and other elements of the scene in both shots to create an appearance, disappearance, or transformation. Careful editing is typically used to refine the effect in order to create a smooth transition and ideal point of change.
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Whip Pan
A whip pan is a kind of pan shot where the image blurs into hazy streaks due to the camera moving too quickly. It can signify the passage of time or a fast-paced action sequence and is frequently used as a transition between shots. The whip pan, also called the flash pan, provides a very practical and eye-catching incentive to switch between shots, much like the natural wipe does.
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Wide Screen
Aspect ratios, or the relationship between an image's width and height, are used to display widescreen pictures on computer, television, and film screens. Any cinema image having a width-to-height aspect ratio larger than 4:3 is considered widescreen. In the case of television, the original aspect ratio was 4:3. Largely during the 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s, 16:9 widescreen TV screens gained popularity, though at differing rates throughout the world. utilized these days usually in tandem with Ultra high-definition (UHD).
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Worm Eye View Photography
Worm's eye view photography is a style of photography in which the subject is viewed from below from a low viewpoint. The camera is positioned below the subject, usually by lying on the ground or by using a tripod with the camera pointed upward, to create this viewpoint.
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Zoetrope
One of the many pre-film animation tools is the zoetrope, which creates the appearance of motion by showcasing a series of sketches or images that depict the motion's various stages. It is a cylindrical version of the phénakisticope that was proposed in 1833, not long after the invention of stroboscopic discs. Milton Bradley released the final, readily interchangeable picture strip version as a toy in 1866, and it quickly gained popularity.
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Tilt Shot
A cinematographic method called tilting involves the camera rotating up and down in a vertical plane while remaining in a fixed location.The motion produced by tilting the camera is akin to someone raising or lowering their head to look up or down. It is not to be confused with panning, which involves horizontally rotating the camera left or right. Tilt and pan can be used in tandem. To provide a deeper depth of focus, the lens itself may occasionally be tilted in relation to the stationary camera body.
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Timecode in Film Production
A Timecode is a series of numerical codes produced by a timing synchronization system at predetermined intervals. Timecode is utilized in applications such as show control, video production, and others that need temporal coordination or logging of activities or recordings.
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Time Lapse Video
In time-lapse photography, the frame rate—or the frequency at which film frames are recorded is substantially lower than the frequency at which the sequence is seen. Played at standard speed, time seems to be slipping away faster.
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Title sequences
A title sequence is the method by which films or television programmes present their title and key production and cast members, utilizing conceptual visuals and sound often an opening theme song with visuals, akin to a brief music video.
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Walk and talk in Filmmaking
Walk and Talk is a filmmaking technique which involves a walking character that is joined by another character on their way to their destinations, the two talk. Variations include interruptions from other characters and walk and talk relay races, in which new characters join the group and one of the original characters leaves the conversation, while the remaining characters continue the walking and talking.
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Typecasting in Film
Typecasting is the practice of an actor becoming closely associated with a certain character, one or more specific roles, or characters sharing the same attributes or belonging to the same social or ethnic groups in cinema, television, and theater.
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Closing Credits in Film
Closing credits or end credits are a list of the cast and crew of a particular motion picture, television show, or video game. While opening credits appear at the beginning of a work, closing credits appear close to, or at the very end of a work.
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Cold Open in Filmmaking
A cold open is a storytelling device that is employed in movies and television. It's the technique of starting a show's narrative right away, before the title sequence or opening credits appear.
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Creature Suit in Filmmaking
Realistic outfits called "creature suits" are used to make a performer appear to be an animal, monster, or other entity. They appear in movies, TV shows, and live events dressed as characters. They are frequently designed with a high level of realism, in contrast to mascots. Unlike prosthetic makeup, which is put to an actor's skin, the wearer of the costume is often invisible when moving in character, though occasionally, a portion of their body is visible.
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Color Grading in Film
A post-production technique used in both filmmaking and video editing to modify an image's appearance for display on various screens and in various settings is called color grading. For still photos or motion movies, there are ways to improve contrast, color, saturation, detail, black level, and white balance, among other aspects of the image. This technique, which can involve creating artistic color effects through creative blending and compositing of several layer masks of the source image, is sometimes referred to as color grading or color correction.
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Call Time in Film Shooting
In film production, "Call time" refers to the planned beginning of production. Usually, two hours precede the first on-location or studio filming. In addition to giving crew members who are not needed for this shot the chance to leave early in order to recover and be ready for their next call time, this also enables people and equipment to be in place for filming.
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Compositing in Filmmaking
The act of fusing visual components from several sources into a single image—often to give the impression that the pieces are all a part of the same scene—is known as compositing. There are several names for live-action filming used in compositing, including "chroma key," "blue screen," and "green screen."
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