film

Documentary Film

Documentary is a broad term to describe a non-fiction film that in some way "documents" or captures reality. Documentary Film is a motion picture that manipulates and explains information for the entertainment or educational sectors.

Amateur Film

Amateur film is the low-budget film made by passionate film lovers for getting hands-on experience of filmmaking and enjoyment.

Drone Film

Drone Film is the film or video captured by remotely-operated or autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), also known as an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) or more commonly, as a drone.

Educational Film

A movie or movies with the main objective of educating people are called educational movies. Educational videos have been utilized in classrooms as a substitute for traditional teaching strategies.

Experimental Film

Experimental film or avant-garde cinema is a mode of filmmaking that rigorously re-evaluates cinematic conventions and explores non-narrative forms or alternatives to traditional narratives or methods of working

Films of Australia

Australian Filmmakers have produced many films, a number of which have received international recognition. Many actors and filmmakers with international reputations started their careers in Australian films, and many of these have established lucrative careers in larger film-producing centres such as the United States.

Films of Germany

Germany, known for its rich cultural history and contributions to the arts, has experienced a cinematic renaissance in recent years. The German film industry, once overshadowed by Hollywood, has emerged as a powerful force, producing critically acclaimed films that captivate audiences worldwide. One of the key factors driving the resurgence of German cinema is the investment in talent and infrastructure. German filmmakers have been garnering international acclaim for their unique storytelling and bold artistic choices. Directors like Fatih Akin, whose film "Head-On" won the Golden Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival, have been instrumental in putting German cinema back on the global map.

Films of Japan

Japan's cinematic legacy is rich and varied, stemming from the country known as the Land of the Rising Sun. Japanese film encompasses a wide range of genres and styles, reflecting the nation's distinct cultural legacy and historical influences. Japanese cinema, which is highly regarded for its skill, deft storytelling, and unique aesthetics, frequently examines global themes from a complex cultural standpoint. Japanese cinema has had a profound influence on the world of film, from modern masterpieces to classics from renowned directors like Akira Kurosawa. These movies, which embrace both conventional narrative and avant-garde experimentation, provide an engrossing look at the intricacies of Japanese society, folklore, and human experiences. Films of Japan make a substantial contribution to the worldwide cinematic landscape by showcasing authentic, creative, and unmatched storytelling skills, whether they be samurai epics, animated marvels, or intimate family dramas.

One-Shot Film

A one-shot movie is a film composed of a single continuous shot, with no cuts or edits. This unique and challenging approach to filmmaking has gained considerable attention in recent years, pushing the boundaries of what we thought was possible in the world of cinema.

Films of Latin America

Despite the internal differences among the indie filmmakers, they shared a common objective, at least as an ideal: not to replace a colonizing ideology for a homogeneous and massive culture, but to create an active spectator who could think for him/herself.

Films of Russia

The cinema of the Soviet Union includes films produced by the constituent republics of the Soviet Union reflecting elements of their pre-Soviet culture, language and history, albeit they were all regulated by the central government in Moscow. Most prolific in their republican films, after the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, were Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, and, to a lesser degree, Lithuania, Belarus and Moldavia. At the same time, the nation's film industry, which was fully nationalized throughout most of the country's history, was guided by philosophies and laws propounded by the monopoly Soviet Communist Party which introduced a new view on the cinema, socialist realism, which was different from the one before or after the existence of the Soviet Union.

Films of the United Kingdom

Films of the United Kingdom refer to cinematic works produced in the sovereign country comprising England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The UK has a rich and diverse film history, contributing significantly to global cinema. British films often showcase a blend of creativity, innovation, and storytelling prowess, spanning various genres and themes. Iconic filmmakers, actors, and studios have left a lasting imprint on the industry, with the UK being home to renowned film festivals and a vibrant film culture. The country's filmography encompasses classics, contemporary hits, and influential contributions to the world of cinema.

Films of Ukraine

Ukraine, with its rich history and diverse culture, has contributed significantly to the global film industry. From its humble beginnings to its contemporary renaissance, Ukrainian films have left an indelible mark on the global cinematic landscape.

Films of Iran

The Iranian film business is known as the Cinema of Iran or Cinema of Persia. Iranian art films have received notice abroad. Persian is typically the language used in Iranian films, both in writing and speaking.

Films of Sweden

During 20th century the Swedish film industry was the most prominent of Scandinavia. This is largely due to the popularity and prominence of directors like Victor Sjöström and especially Ingmar Bergman; and more recently Roy Andersson, Lasse Hallström, Lukas Moodysson and Ruben Östlund.

Cinematography

Cinematography is the art and craft of making motion pictures by capturing a story visually. Though, technically, cinematography is the art and the science of recording light either electronically onto an image sensor or chemically onto film.

Family and Children Film

A children's film, or family film, is a film genre that contains children or relates to them in the context of home and family. Children's films are made specifically for children and not necessarily for a general audience, while family films are made for a wider appeal with a general audience in mind.

Film Distribution

Film distribution is the process of making a film available for audience viewing. This means having a film be purchased or rented by a distribution company, which will then take the steps of marketing and displaying the film.

Hindi Film

Mumbai is home to the Hindi-language film industry, which is known for its long films with dramatic storylines and extravagant musical numbers. Hindi films are more widely viewed, and because of this, it is simpler for the public to comprehend the lessons being taught.

One Minute Film

A one-minute film is a short film lasting precisely 60 seconds. Although it is part of the microcinema constellation, it is distinguished by its exact timing.

Short Film

A short film is any motion picture that is not long enough to be termed a feature film. From the 1920s until the 1970s, short films in the United States were commonly referred to as short subjects when they were limited to two 35 mm reels or fewer, and featurettes when they were limited to three or four reels. The term "short" was an abbreviation for either.

Silent Film

A silent film is one that lacks synced recorded sound (or, more broadly, no audible speech). Though silent films transmit story and emotion visually, inter-title cards may be used to indicate plot details (such as locale or era) or significant lines of conversation when appropriate.

Mobile Film

Mobile Film is a relatively new subset of the film business that is characterized by the use of cellphones rather than conventional cameras.

Television Pilot Program Series

A television pilot (also known as a pilot or a pilot episode, and often promoted as a tele-movie) is a single episode of a television series intended to pitch a program to a television network or other distributor in the United Kingdom and the United States. A pilot is developed to serve as a proving ground for whether or not a series will be successful. As a result, it is a test episode for the anticipated television series, an early phase in series creation, similar to how pilot studies serve as predecessors to the commencement of greater activities.

Travel Documentary

A travel documentary is a documentary film, television program, or online series that describes travel in general or tourist attractions without recommending particular package deals or tour operators. A travelogue film is an early type of travel documentary, serving as an exploratory ethnographic film.

Virtual Reality Augmented Reality and 360° Video

Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) are immersive technologies that enhance users' perception of the real world by seamlessly integrating computer-generated elements. VR creates a fully immersive digital environment that users can interact with using specialized headsets, while AR overlays digital information onto the real world through devices like smartphones or smart glasses. On the other hand, 360-degree video captures a panoramic view of a scene in all directions, allowing viewers to experience a fully encompassing visual environment. VR, AR, and 360-degree video are revolutionizing various industries, from gaming and entertainment to education and healthcare, by offering unprecedented levels of engagement and interactivity.

Sound Design

The art of creating an overall sound palette for a work of art, particularly for media such as movies, TV series, live performances, ads, and podcasts, is known as sound design. It also applies to music recordings that feature ambient noises and multimedia visual art forms like video art.

Web and New Media

A web film is one that is created with the restrictions of the Internet's distribution methods in mind. This term is used to separate content generated expressly for the Internet from information that has been turned into a World Wide Web-compatible format but was originally created for other media, such as television or movies. Web movies are a type of new media.

Women's Film

Women's cinema refers mainly to motion pictures that are directed (and sometimes even produced) by female directors. The target audience for the works can be varied, and they do not necessarily have to be stories about women in particular.

Film Business in Poland

The Film Business in Poland has undergone a remarkable evolution, from its early beginnings to the vibrant industry it is today. The country's filmmakers, past and present, have not only shaped the narrative of Polish cinema but have also contributed significantly to the global cinematic landscape.

abc

A short film is defined as an original motion picture that has a running time of 40 minutes or less, including all credits.

Films

A film, sometimes referred to as a "movie" or "motion picture," is a collection of moving pictures that tell a story and are typically displayed on a screen with sound.

Filmmaking

Filmmaking, also referred to as "filming," is the process of taking motion pictures using film, digital video, or other media storage technologies that excludes news media and private use.

Cult Film

A cult film, also commonly referred to as a cult classic, is a film with a cult following, obscure or unpopular with mainstream audiences, and often revolutionary or ironically enjoyed.

Horror Film

A horror film is a motion picture intended to arouse strong disgust, fear, or dread. There may be instances of both physical and psychological terror in horror movies. These could be mystery thrillers that use atmosphere to create suspense, tales of terrifying monsters or cunning animals, or studies of deformed, disturbed, psychotic, or evil characters.

Independent Film

An independent film, independent movie, indie film, or indie movie is a feature film or short film that is produced outside the major film studio system in addition to being produced and distributed by independent entertainment companies

Feature Film

A feature film or feature-length film (often abbreviated to feature), also called a theatrical film, is a narrative film (motion picture or "movie") with a running time long enough to be considered the principal or sole presentation in a commercial entertainment program. The term feature film originally referred to the main, full-length film in a cinema program that included a short film and often a newsreel.

Exploitation Film

An exploitation film is a motion picture that aims to profit from popular genres or current pop culture trends, frequently by luring viewers in with sensational or controversial material.

Art Film

Art Films are made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit, often of an experimental nature or having an unconventional or highly symbolic content, aimed typically at a limited audience.

Sound film

A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film.

Digital Cinema

Digital cinema refers to the adoption of digital technology within the film industry to distribute or project motion pictures as opposed to the historical use of reels of motion picture film, such as 35 mm film. Whereas film reels have to be shipped to movie theaters, a digital movie can be distributed to cinemas in a number of ways: over the Internet or dedicated satellite links, or by sending hard drives or optical discs such as Blu-ray discs. Digital movies are projected using a digital video projector instead of a film projector, are shot using digital movie cameras and edited using a non-linear editing system (NLE). The NLE is often a video editing application installed in one or more computers that may be networked to access the original footage from a remote server, share or gain access to computing resources for rendering the final video, and to allow several editors to work on the same timeline or project.

Digital Cinematography

Digital cinematography is the process of capturing (recording) a motion picture using digital image sensors rather than through film stock. As digital technology has improved in recent years, this practice has become dominant. Since the mid-2010s, most movies across the world are captured as well as distributed digitally.

Digital Film

Digital cinema refers to the adoption of digital technology within the film industry to distribute or project motion pictures as opposed to the historical use of reels of motion picture film, such as 35 mm film. Whereas film reels have to be shipped to movie theaters, a digital movie can be distributed to cinemas in a number of ways: over the Internet or dedicated satellite links, or by sending hard drives or optical discs such as Blu-ray discs.

Director

A film director is a person who controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay (or script) while guiding the film crew and actors in the fulfilment of that vision. The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design and all the creative aspects of filmmaking.

Feature Film

A theatrical film, often known as a feature film or feature-length film, is a narrative film, motion picture, or movie that has a duration long enough to be regarded as the main or exclusive presentation in a commercial entertainment program.

Fill Light

The job of a fill light is to bring out features in a subject that the main light misses. In the classic three-point lighting arrangement, it serves as the secondary light. To essentially fill in the shadows cast by the key light, the fill light is usually positioned in opposition to it. The lighting design and ambiance of a shot are influenced by the fill-in's power. The way a cinematographer use fill affects a scene's brightness, contrast, and shadows.

Film

A film, often known as a motion picture, picture, movie, or moving picture, is a piece of visual art that uses moving images to convey ideas, tales, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or ambiance in addition to simulating experiences.

Distribution

Film distribution, also called film exhibition or film distribution and exhibition, is the process of making a movie available for viewing by an audience. This is normally the task of a professional film distributor, who would determine the marketing and release strategy for the film, the media by which a film is to be exhibited or made available for viewing and other matters. The film may be exhibited directly to the public either through a movie theater or television, or personal home viewing. For commercial projects, film distribution is usually accompanied by film promotion

Edit Decision List

An edit decision list or EDL is used in the post-production process of film editing and video editing. The list contains an ordered list of reel and timecode data representing where each video clip can be obtained in order to conform the final cut. EDLs are created by offline editing systems, or can be paper documents constructed by hand such as shot logging. These days, linear video editing systems have been superseded by non-linear editing (NLE) systems which can output EDLs electronically to allow autoconform on an online editing system – the recreation of an edited programme from the original sources (usually video tapes) and the editing decisions in the EDL.

Electrotachyscope

The Elektrischen Schnellseher or Electrotachyscope was an early motion picture system developed by chronophotographer Ottomar Anschütz between 1886 and 1894. He made at least seven different versions of the machine, including a projector, a peep-box viewer and several versions with illuminated glass photographs on a rotating wheel viewed on a 12.5 cm (4.9 in) wide milk glass screen by up to seven people at the same time.

Establishing Shot

An establishing shot in filmmaking and television production sets up, or establishes, the context for a scene by showing the relationship between its important figures and objects. It is generally a long or extreme-long shot at the beginning of a scene indicating where, and sometimes when, the remainder of the scene takes place.

Executive Producer

Executive producer (EP) is one of the top positions in the making of a commercial entertainment product. Depending on the medium, the executive producer may be concerned with management accounting or associated with legal issues (like copyrights or royalties).[citation needed] In films, the executive producer generally contributes to the film's budget and their involvement depends on the project, with some simply securing funds and others being involved in the filmmaking process

Extended Rhythm

"Extended rhythm" in the context of film typically refers to the manipulation and organization of temporal elements such as pacing, timing, and the overall rhythmic structure of a film beyond the traditional understanding of rhythm. It involves the deliberate use of time and timing to enhance the storytelling, emotional impact, and overall cinematic experience.

Film Budgeting

The process by which a production accountant, line producer, or unit production manager creates a budget for a motion picture production is known as "film budgeting." Generally, a budget is broken down into four categories: other (insurance, completion bond, etc.), below the line (direct production expenditures), and above the line (creative talent). The budget does not include marketing and advertising for the movie, as these are the distributor's responsibilities. Film financing might come from sponsors, out-of-pocket funds, film studios, individual investors, product placement, or entertainment companies.

Film Crew

A collection of individuals employed by a production firm to work on a film or motion picture is known as a film crew. The performers that appear in front of the camera or lend their voices to characters in the movie are referred to as the cast, whereas the crew is different. Because the producers hold a piece of the film studio or the intellectual property rights to the picture, the crew is also distinct from the producers.

Film Criticism

A collection of individuals employed by a production firm to work on a film or motion picture is known as a film crew. The performers that appear in front of the camera or lend their voices to characters in the movie are referred to as the cast, whereas the crew is different. Because the producers hold a piece of the film studio or the intellectual property rights to the picture, the crew is also distinct from the producers.

Film Finance

As a subtype of project finance, film financing uses the cash flows from the film project rather than outside funding to pay back investors. A movie's financial success is mostly determined by a number of elements, such as public taste, artistic excellence, competition from other films that are released concurrently, script quality, cast quality, director quality, and other considerations. There is still no reliable way to predict the amount of money a movie will make, even if it appears to be a commercial success "on paper".

Extra

A background actor or extra is a performer in a film, television show, stage, musical, opera, or ballet production who appears in a nonspeaking or nonsinging (silent) capacity, usually in the background (for example, in an audience or busy street scene). War films and epic films often employ background actors in large numbers: some films have featured hundreds or even thousands of paid background actors as cast members (hence the term "cast of thousands"). Likewise, grand opera can involve many background actors appearing in spectacular productions.

Extreme Close up

An extreme close-up shot frames a subject very closely, often so much so that the outer portions of the subject are cut off by the edges of the frame. On an actor, this is commonly used to show specific portions of the body, like the face or hip, but it can go closer to show only an actor’s mouth, or even a single eye. Inanimate objects can also be framed in an extreme close-up shot, but everything is based on the scale and size of the object. If you were to frame a steaming tea-pot in an extreme close-up, you might focus on the spout or base. The idea is that you cannot see the entire subject, but rather are forced to focus on a particular portion, hopefully, for the desired effect.

Extreme Long shot

An "extreme long shot" in filmmaking and photography refers to a shot where the subject is extremely small or very distant in relation to the frame. This type of shot is often used to establish a location or set the scene, providing context for the audience. It's also known as an "establishing shot." In cinematography, an extreme long shot might capture an entire cityscape, landscape, or a vast expanse of space. This type of shot is particularly useful at the beginning of a scene or sequence to orient the audience and give them a sense of the overall setting before zooming in to closer shots.

Editing

Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written, visual, audible, or cinematic material used by a person or an entity to convey a message or information. The editing process can involve correction, condensation, organization, and many other modifications performed to produce a correct, consistent, accurate and complete piece of work. The editing process often begins with the author's idea for the work itself, continuing as a collaboration between the author and the editor as the work is created. Editing can involve creative skills, human relations and a precise set of methods.

Gobo

A gobo is an object placed inside or in front of a light source to control the shape of the emitted light and its shadow. For studio photography purposes, the term "gobo" has come to refer to any device that casts a shadow, and various pieces of equipment that go in front of a light (such as a gobo arm or gobo head). In theatrical lighting, however, the term more specifically refers to a device placed in "the gate" or at the "point of focus" between the light source, called a lamp, and the lenses.

Film Genre

A cinema genre is a category for films that shares stylistic or thematic features, such as narrative devices, artistic approaches, or audience reactions. The usage of specific styles and techniques in filmmaking, such as tight framing in horror films, low-key lighting and flashbacks in film noir, or fonts resembling rough-hewn logs for Western film titles, will depend on the genre of the film. Moreover, several film genres have specific film scoring conventions that correspond with them, such as electronic music in science fiction movies or sumptuous string orchestras in romantic plays.

Go Motion

Go motion is a variation of stop motion animation that incorporates motion blur into each frame involving motion. It was co-developed by Industrial Light & Magic and Phil Tippett. Stop motion animation can create a distinctive and disorienting staccato effect because the animated object is perfectly sharp in every frame, since each frame is shot with the object perfectly still. Real moving objects in similar scenes have motion blur because they move while the camera's shutter is open. Filmmakers use a variety of techniques to simulate motion blur, such as moving the model slightly during the exposure of each film frame, or placing a glass plate smeared with petroleum jelly in front of the camera lens to blur the moving areas.

Green Light

In the context of the film and television industries, to greenlight is to give permission to proceed with a project. It specifically refers to formally approving its production finance and committing to this financing, thereby allowing the project to proceed from the development phase to pre-production and principal photography. The power to greenlight a project is generally reserved to those in a project or financial management role within an organization. The process of taking a project from pitch to green light formed the basis of a successful reality TV show titled Project Greenlight.[4] The term is a reference to the green traffic signal, indicating "go ahead".

Grip

A Grip is responsible for setting up, rigging, and striking lighting equipment on set. They are also responsible for keeping equipment organized, and sometimes equipment maintenance. A Key Grip in film is the boss of the Grips department. And there are also Dolly Grips who assist the Camera department by physically moving the dolly.

Hard Lights

Hard light is a quality of light that casts harsh and well defined shadows. A subject or scene lit with this type of light has a very abrupt transition between the highlights and the shadows. Hard light typically comes from a relatively small source relative to the subject. Light sources that are further away also produce harder light and sharper shadows.

Film Release

When a finished film is made available to the general public, it is called a premiere or movie release. It might be available for home watching or theaters. The date of a film's release may have an impact on its financial success.

Head on Shot

A "head-on shot" typically refers to a photographic or cinematic composition where the camera is positioned directly in front of the subject, capturing it straight on. In the context of photography or filmmaking, a head-on shot is used to provide a clear and direct view of the subject's face or frontal features. This type of shot is often employed in portraits, interviews, or scenes where the focus is on the subject's facial expressions, emotions, or details.

Head Shot

A head shot or headshot is a modern (usually digital) portrait in which the focus is on the person. The term is applied usually for professional profile images on social media, images used on online dating profiles, the 'about us page' of a corporate website, and promotional pictures of actors, models, and authors.

High Angle Shot

A high angle shot is when the camera looks down on the character or subject from an elevated perspective. This is usually achieved by placing the camera higher than the subject and then angling it down on them. This can range from a shallow angle just above eye level all the way to directly above the subject.

Film Scene

A scene is a dramatic section of a story that takes place between particular characters at a particular time and place. Although there are considerable differences between the two, the phrase is used in both theater and film. A film's scenes are its fundamental building pieces. The goal and structure of every scene, whether in an independent film or a great blockbuster, are essential to giving the audience an engaging and fulfilling cinematic experience.

High Concept

A high concept film is a premise-driven film with a unique, compelling, and attention-grabbing hook that sets it apart from similar films. The high concept label is primarily used in pitching. This idea is also used with literature and TV as well but is most important when applied to feature films.

High Intensity Discharge Lamp

A High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamp is a type of electric light that produces light by passing an electric current through a gas or vapor under high pressure. HID lamps are known for their high efficiency and intense brightness, making them suitable for various applications such as street lighting, automotive headlights, stadium lighting, and industrial lighting.

High Intensity Discharge Lamp

A High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamp is a type of electric light that produces light by passing an electric current through a gas or vapor under high pressure. HID lamps are known for their high efficiency and intense brightness, making them suitable for various applications such as street lighting, automotive headlights, stadium lighting, and industrial lighting.

Film Theory

Within the academic field of cinema studies, film theory is a collection of scholarly approaches that started in the 1920s by challenging the formal elements of motion pictures. Today, it offers conceptual frameworks for comprehending the relationship between film, reality, other arts, individual viewers, and society as a whole. Though these three fields are related, cinema theory should not be mistaken with general film criticism or film history.

High Key Lighting

High key lighting is a lighting style that results in a brightly lit frame with soft lighting, minimal shadows, and low contrast. In photography, film, and television, this lighting style uses minimal shadows with a majority of the frame composed of highlights. This is completely opposite of low-key lighting that relies on high contrast and harsh shadows. The result of this bright lighting style is a cheerful, airy, and positive mood that is often utilized in sitcoms, comedies, and commercial work.

Filmography

A filmography is a list of movies that are connected by certain standards. A list of the movies in which an actor has acted, for instance, is called their professional filmography. A director's comedy filmography is the collection of comedic movies that they have helmed. The name is based on and similar to "bibliography," which is a catalog of books, and has been in use since at least 1957. Filmographies are not the same as lists of films; the terms "videography" and "cinematography" refer to the techniques involved, and are more like photographs.

Hip Hop Montage

A "montage" typically refers to the technique of combining different elements such as images, sounds, or clips to create a unified piece of art or media. In the context of hip hop, a "Hip Hop Montage" might refer to a creative or artistic compilation of various elements associated with hip hop culture.

Hook

In film, the hook is what grabs the viewer's attention, preferably in the first 5–10 minutes, as a reader might expect to find a literary hook in the first chapter of a novel. During the pitch process, a screenwriter will use a hook to prove the "bankable" quality of their screenplay.

Internal Rhythm

Internal rhythm in film typically refers to the pacing, tempo, and flow of a movie's storytelling on a more subjective and emotional level. It's about the internal dynamics of a film that affect the audience's experience beyond the external events depicted on screen.

Inter Positive

A specialized type of negative film stock that is part of the intermediate process that goes from an original negative to a release element (most common in the motion picture film post-production process). The material used is itself the same as in an internegative. The differences is that an IP has a positive image on it, while an IN has a negative image.

Filter

A filter is a camera accessory used in photography and cinematography that consists of an optical filter that can be placed within the optical path. Typically, the filter is a glass or plastic disk in a metal or plastic ring frame that may be screwed into the front of the camera lens or clipped onto it. Alternatively, the filter can be oblong or square in shape and installed in a holder accessory.

Inter Title

In films, an intertitle, also known as a title card, is a piece of filmed, printed text edited into the midst of the photographed action at various points. Intertitles used to convey character dialogue are referred to as "dialogue intertitles", and those used to provide related descriptive/narrative material are referred to as "expository intertitles".

J Cut

A J-cut is an editing technique used for scene transitions or within a scene in which the audio of the next scene or shot precedes the image change. This means that the audience hears the next scene or shot before they see it. The term J-cut derives from the "J" shape the edit has on a timeline.

Jib

In cinematography, a jib is any boom device used to mount a camera on one end, and a counterweight with camera controls on the other. In principle, it operates like a see-saw, with the balance point located closer to the counterweight, which allows the end of the arm with the camera to move through an extended arc. Typically a jib permits the camera to be moved vertically, horizontally, or a combination of the two. A small jib can be mounted on a tripod, but many larger, purpose-built jibs have their own support stands, often on wheels. Modern jibs are normally modular and can be assembled in various lengths.

Fish Eye Lens

An extremely wide-angle lens called a fisheye lens creates significant optical distortion with the goal of producing a wide, panoramic, or hemispherical image.Wider angles of vision are possible with fisheye lenses than with rectilinear lenses. Fisheye lenses employ a unique mapping that gives images a distinctive convex non-rectilinear appearance rather than straight lines of perspective.

Jump Cut

A jump cut is a cut in film editing that breaks a single continuous sequential shot of a subject into two parts, with a piece of footage removed to create the effect of jumping forward in time. Camera positioning on the subject across the sequence should vary only slightly to achieve the effect. The technique manipulates temporal space using the duration of a single shot—fracturing the duration to move the audience ahead. This kind of cut abruptly communicates the passing of time, as opposed to the more seamless dissolve heavily used in films predating Jean-Luc Godard's Breathless, which extensively used jump cuts and popularized the technique in the 1960s.

Flashback in Film

In movies, flashbacks are frequently employed to "resolve an enigma" and represent the character's subjective experience through a recollection of a past incident.Melodramas and film noir both benefit from flashbacks.Various camera techniques, editing approaches, and special effects have been developed in films and television to indicate to the audience that the action being shown is a flashback or flashforward. Some of these techniques include purposeful blurring of the picture's edges, jarring or choppy photography, unusual coloration or sepia tone, or monochrome when the majority of the story is in color. The scene may fade or dissolve, frequently with the narrator's voiceover and the camera focused on the character's face.

Key Grip

A key grip is a senior role for an experienced professiona on every movie set. heir responsibilities are extensive and range from supervising grip crews, assessing what equipment is necessary for each shooting location, coordinating the transportation of this equipment and its set up, arranging the general movement and positioning of the camera and collaborating with the director of photography. he key grip relies on the best boy as their foreperson to supervise the grip crew.

Key Lights

The key light is the first and usually most important light that a photographer, cinematographer, lighting cameraman, or other scene composer will use in a lighting setup. The purpose of the key light is to highlight the form and dimension of the subject. The key light is not a rigid requirement; omitting the key light can result in a silhouette effect. Many key lights may be placed in a scene to illuminate a moving subject at opportune moments.

Flash Forward in Film

In literature, film, television, and other media, a flashforward, sometimes spelled flash-forward and more officially known as a prolepsis, is a scene that momentarily advances the story's point of view. Flashforwards are frequently employed to depict future occurrences that are anticipated, predicted, or imagined. They might also provide more in-depth details about important plot points that haven't happened yet but will shortly. It is comparable to foreshadowing, which is the art of subtly hinting to rather than explicitly showing future occurrences.

Kuleshov Effect

The Kuleshov Effect is a film editing effect invented by Soviet filmmaker, Lev Kuleshov. It is a mental phenomenon where the audience derives more meaning from the interaction of two back-to-back shots than from one shot in isolation. In the 1910s, movies were emerging as an art form. So came innovative filmmakers experimenting with them. One of these filmmakers, a Soviet film theorist, Lev Kuleshov, came up with an editing test that provides the basis for some crucial editing techniques we still use today.

L Cut

An L cut is a film editing technique in which the audio from a preceding scene carries over the image of the following scene. These cuts allow editors to have the sound or dialogue of one scene linger into the next. The term derives from the “L” shape that the edit looks like on a timeline. The opposite to this cut is the J cut in which the audio of the next scene precedes the shot change.

Leading Actors

A lead actor, also known as a leading actor, is the performer who portrays the primary character in a film or play. This crucial character holds significant importance to the story, shaping its direction and propelling the plot forward with their actions and decisions. As the central figure, the lead actor often carries the weight of the narrative, commanding the most dialogue and occupying the majority of screen or stage time, making their role pivotal in capturing the audience's attention and conveying the intended message effectively.

Leitmotif

A leitmotif is a repeating melodic phrase in music that is used to represent a character, setting, emotion, or theme. Translated from the German, leitmotivs were popularized by German composer Richard Wagner and used chiefly in the opera during the 19th and 20th centuries. These musical motifs are now most recognizable in soundtracks for film and television, and are widely synonymous with the works of John Williams.

Lens Flare

A lens flare happens when light is scattered or flared in a lens system, often in response to a bright light, producing a sometimes undesirable artifact in the image. This happens through light scattered by the imaging mechanism itself, for example through internal reflection and forward scatter from material imperfections in the lens. Lenses with large numbers of elements such as zooms tend to have more lens flare, as they contain a relatively large number of interfaces at which internal scattering may occur. These mechanisms differ from the focused image generation mechanism, which depends on rays from the refraction of light from the subject itself.

Letter Boxing

Letter-boxing is the practice of transferring film shot in a widescreen aspect ratio to standard-width video formats while preserving the film's original aspect ratio. The resulting video-graphic image has mattes empty space above and below it; these mattes are part of each frame of the video signal.

Lock up

On a set, “lock it up” is an order given to the set production assistants (PAs) by the 1st Assistant Director to keep the set free of interruptions while a shot is being taken. Lock-ups are the areas that PAs are assigned to guard. These areas are strategically selected as the most likely areas that pedestrians, cars, or even other crew members may wander into and end up in the background or foreground of a scene. It is the PA’s responsibility to ensure that no one gets past them and makes their way into a shot accidentally or makes a noise that could ruin the take.

Multiple Exposure

In photography and cinematography, a multiple exposure is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images. The exposure values may or may not be identical to each other.

Negative Cutting

Negative Cutting is the process of cutting motion picture negative to match precisely the final edit as specified by the film editor. Original camera negative (OCN) is cut with scissors and joined using a film splicer and film cement. Negative cutting is part of the post-production process and occurs after editing and prior to striking internegatives and release prints. The process of negative cutting has changed little since the beginning of cinema in the early 20th century. In the early 1980s computer software was first used to aid the cutting process. Kodak introduced barcode on motion picture negative in the mid-1990s. This enabled negative cutters to more easily track shots and identify film sections based on keykode.

Non Diegetic Sound

Non-diegetic sound is any sound in a film that doesn’t originate from the world of the film. These are typically sounds that are added for effect in post-production. For example, a film soundtrack is almost always non-diegetic sound because the characters don’t hear it. The short answer to what is non-diegetic sound is this: If the characters can't hear it, it's non-diegetic.

On Location

A filming location is a place where some or all of a film or television series is produced, in addition to or instead of using sets constructed on a movie studio backlot or soundstage.In filmmaking, a location is any place where a film crew will be filming actors and recording their dialog. A location where dialog is not recorded may be considered a second unit photography site. Filmmakers often choose[citation needed]to shoot on location because they believe that greater realism can be achieved in a "real" place; however, location shooting is often motivated by the film's budget. Many films shoot interior scenes on a sound stage and exterior scenes on location.

On Location

A filming location is a place where some or all of a film or television series is produced, in addition to or instead of using sets constructed on a movie studio backlot or soundstage.In filmmaking, a location is any place where a film crew will be filming actors and recording their dialog. A location where dialog is not recorded may be considered a second unit photography site. Filmmakers often choose[citation needed]to shoot on location because they believe that greater realism can be achieved in a "real" place; however, location shooting is often motivated by the film's budget. Many films shoot interior scenes on a sound stage and exterior scenes on location.

One Shot Film

The single shot film technique involves filming in long takes using a single camera or created to give the impression that it was. Shooting using these techniques comes with lots of challenges that can only be pulled off by the best digital cameras. When the character moves, the camera moves, which means the lighting and angles change. Despite any challenge, as things continue to happen, the camera must keep shooting. A slight mistake means starting all over again, and this is why shooting is challenging and expensive. The final footage hardly makes it out of the editing room intact.

Opening Credits

In a motion picture, television program or video game, the opening credits or opening titles are shown at the very beginning and list the most important members of the production. They are now usually shown as text superimposed on a blank screen or static pictures, or sometimes on top of action in the show. There may or may not be accompanying music. When opening credits are built into a separate sequence of their own, the correct term is a title sequence

Roadshow Theatrical Release

A roadshow theatrical release, sometimes known as a reserved seat engagement, is the technique of releasing a movie for a set amount of time in a small number of big-city theaters prior to its general release. Roadshows typically have a premium ambiance and slightly higher pricing than a broad release, much like a live theater production.

Opening Shots

The opening shot of your film is like the first impression of a person: it can set the tone, mood, and expectations for the rest of the story. A good opening shot can grab the attention of your audience, introduce your characters and themes, and establish your visual style.

Opening Shots

The opening shot of your film is like the first impression of a person: it can set the tone, mood, and expectations for the rest of the story. A good opening shot can grab the attention of your audience, introduce your characters and themes, and establish your visual style.

Opening Shots

The opening shot of your film is like the first impression of a person: it can set the tone, mood, and expectations for the rest of the story. A good opening shot can grab the attention of your audience, introduce your characters and themes, and establish your visual style.

Over Cranking

Overcranking is when the frame rate of a shot is higher than the standard used throughout the rest of the film. Since the cinema standard frame rate is 24 frames per second, we usually refer to any video shot at more than 24 frames per second as overcranked. During the Silent Era, anything over 16 frames per second was considered overcranked.

Roll

A camera is a piece of equipment that is used for taking photographs, making films, or producing television pictures. In the digital world, the Camera Roll meaning is the primary storage for photos and videos on a device.

Over the Shoulder Shot

The over-the-shoulder shot (OTS or short over) is a camera angle used in film and television, where the camera is placed above the back of the shoulder and head of a subject.This shot is most commonly used to present conversational back and forth-between two subjects. With the camera placed behind one character, the shot then frames the sequence from the perspective of that character.

Rotoscoping

Animators utilize a process called rotoscoping to create realistic action by tracing over motion picture film frame by frame. Live-action movie stills were initially transferred onto paper by projecting the pictures onto a glass panel. The term "rotoscope" refers to this type of projection apparatus, which was created by Max Fleischer, an Austrian-American animator. Even though computers subsequently took the place of this instrument, the technique is still known as rotoscoping.

Pan and Scan

Pan and scan is a method of adjusting widescreen film images so that they can be shown in fullscreen proportions of a standard-definition 4:3 aspect ratio television screen, often cropping off the sides of the original widescreen image to focus on the composition's most important aspects.

Panning

Panning is a photographic technique that combines a slow shutter speed with camera motion to create a sense of speed around a moving object. It is a way to keep your subject in focus while blurring your background. Panning is typically done on a subject moving horizontally, such as a moving car, or a running dog.

Persistence of Vision

Persistence of vision is the optical phenomenon where the illusion of motion is created because the brain interprets multiple still images as one. When multiple images appear in fast enough succession, the brain blends them into a single, persistent, moving image. The human eye and brain can only process about 12 separate images per second, retaining an image for 1/16 of a second. If a subsequent image is replaced during this time frame, an illusion of continuity is created.

Rough Cut

The rough cut is the second of three offline editing processes in filmmaking. This phrase refers to digitally recorded and edited productions, yet it comes from the early days of cinema when film stock was physically cut and reassembled. The film starts to take on more of a final product during the rough edit stage. Although rough cuts are identifiable as traditional films, they may still go through a number of important alterations prior to the film's release. They may also contain noticeable flaws or defects, lack the intended narrative flow from scene to scene, and lack soundtrack music, sound effects, or visual effects.

Pitch

In filmmaking, a pitch is a concise verbal (and sometimes visual) presentation of an idea for a film or TV series generally made by a screenwriter or film director to a film producer or studio executive in the hope of attracting development finance to pay for the writing of a screenplay.

Scene

A movie's scenes are its fundamental building pieces. The goal and structure of every scene, whether in an independent film or a great blockbuster, are essential to giving the audience an engaging and fulfilling cinematic experience.

Post Production

Post-Production is the stage after production when the filming is wrapped and the editing of the visual and audio materials begins. Post-Production refers to all of the tasks associated with cutting raw footage, assembling that footage, adding music, dubbing, sound effects, just to name a few. The Post-Production process is highly collaborative, across a few months to even a year, depending on the size and need of the project.

Storyboard Artist

A storyboard artist creates sketches of the story's frames in order to visualize stories.Two of the most popular conventional methods are quick pencil sketches and marker renderings, while storyboard software such as Adobe Flash, Adobe Photoshop, and Storyboard Pro are also frequently used these days. One of the newest tools for storyboarding is the digital camera. Using software, digital pencils, or a graphics tablet, the majority of storyboard artists start and complete their work on computers. Photographs taken expressly for the project or stock images can be combined digitally by storyboard artists to create visuals known as photovisuals, which are photographic representations.

Plot Device

A plot device or plot mechanism is any technique in a narrative used to move the plot forward. A clichéd plot device may annoy the reader and a contrived or arbitrary device may confuse the reader, causing a loss of the suspension of disbelief. However, a well-crafted plot device, or one that emerges naturally from the setting or characters of the story, may be entirely accepted, or may even be unnoticed by the audience.

Strip Light

A multi-circuit stage lighting device is called a strip light. One of the most fundamental kinds of lighting fixtures accessible is the striplight. Usually, they are made up of a row of lamps. Typically, a single striplight is internally wired into three or four circuits.

Stunt Double

A professional who executes dangerous action sequences for an actor is known as a stunt double. They may appear in TV series and movies that feature vehicle crashes, high jumps, and fistfights thanks to their specific training.

Voice actor

Voice acting is the art of performing a character or providing information to an audience with one's voice. Performers are called voice actors/actresses, voice artists, dubbing artists, voice talent, voice-over artists, or voice-over talent. Voice acting is recognized as a specialized dramatic profession in the United Kingdom, primarily due to BBC broadcasts of radio drama production.

Voice actor

Voice acting is the art of performing a character or providing information to an audience with one's voice. Performers are called voice actors/actresses, voice artists, dubbing artists, voice talent, voice-over artists, or voice-over talent. Voice acting is recognized as a specialized dramatic profession in the United Kingdom, primarily due to BBC broadcasts of radio drama production.

Stunt Performer

A skilled professional who executes risky feats, frequently as a career, is referred to as a stunt performer, sometimes as a stuntman, stuntwoman, or even occasionally as a stunt person. Unlike daredevils, who perform live for an audience, stunt performers typically appear in movies or on television.

Supporting Actor

An actor who plays a role in a play or movie below that of the starring actor or actors and above that of a little part is called a supporting actor or supporting actress. The theater and cinema industries provide separate prizes to the best supporting actors and actresses in honor of this work's significance.

Sound Design in Film

Sound design is the art and practice of creating soundtracks for a variety of needs. It involves specifying, acquiring or creating auditory elements using audio production techniques and tools. It is employed in a variety of disciplines including filmmaking, television production, video game development, theatre, sound recording and reproduction, live performance, sound art, post-production, radio, new media and musical instrument development. Sound design commonly involves performing (see e.g. foley) and editing of previously composed or recorded audio, such as sound effects and dialogue for the purposes of the medium, but it can also involve creating sounds from scratch through synthesizers. A sound designer is one who practices sound design.

Film set

Film set is artificially constructed scenery used in film and TV. In the latter two cases there are many reasons to build or use a set instead of travelling to a real location, such as budget, time, the need to control the environment, or the fact that the place does not exist. Sets are normally constructed on a film studio backlot or sound stage, but any place that has been modified to give the feel of another place is a set.

Take

In the context of film production, a take refers to a single continuous recorded performance of a specific shot or scene. It captures the actors' performances, camera movements, and other elements within the frame. Each time the director calls "action" and records until they call "cut," it is considered one take. The purpose of a take is to capture different versions of the performances that can be used during the editing process to create the most compelling and engaging scene. Multiple takes allow the director and actors to experiment with various interpretations, camera movements, and lighting setups, providing options for the editor to choose from when assembling the final cut. Takes are numbered and cataloged for post-production, making it easier for the editor to locate and review the recorded material. Each take is typically labeled with the scene number, shot number, and take number (e.g., Scene 1, Shot 2, Take 3). This systematic approach ensures that the best takes are easily identifiable and accessible during the editing process, ultimately helping to create a cohesive and polished final product.

X rated Films

A movie with an X classification is thought to only be appropriate for mature audiences due to its adult-only content. Some viewers may find graphic violence or explicit sexual content in films with an X classification upsetting or offensive. Different nations utilize the X rating differently, and it may have financial or legal ramifications for how these movies are distributed and screened. For instance, some nations may prohibit or limit the sale or renting of X-rated movies, while others would only permit them in particular theaters or with additional fees.

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